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A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism wa
2024-11-21
A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism was involved in the psychological stress-induced alteration in synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampal CA1 field (Matsumoto et al., 2004). Sumitaka Inoue et al. (Inoue et al., 2014) reported that pretreatment with a 5-HT1A receptor partial
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Streptomycetes are a group of filamentous
2024-11-21
Streptomycetes are a group of filamentous Gram-positive, soil-inhabiting bacteria which have captured enormous screening interest because of their ability to produce and secrete a variety of XL-888 and extracellular proteins [7]. Among the diverse antibiotics produced by Streptomycetes are the nucl
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Macrophage polarization is linked to
2024-11-21
Macrophage polarization is linked to activation of the ligand-dependent transcription factor PPARγ. Recently, Odegaard et al. demonstrated with a macrophage-specific deletion of PPARγ in mice that alternative macrophage activation is impaired [14]. We provided evidence that contact to apoptotic ddhC
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This study does have several limitations mainly related
2024-11-21
This study does have several limitations, mainly related to the DMSO vehicle. While DMSO is a known anti-inflammatory mediator,5, 12 it has been shown to upregulate ALOX5, which was not seen in this study (as we are likely underpowered to detect this difference). A manifestation of this anti-inflamm
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5α-dihydro-11-keto Testosterone As mentioned above variation
2024-11-20
As mentioned above, variation of the A-ring was undertaken in order to improve microsomal stability and kinase selectivity relative to 5α-dihydro-11-keto Testosterone (). 1-Imidazole-2-carboxamides with substitution at the 4-position (–) were mostly tolerated with 4-cyano-imidazole-2-carboxamide ()
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In Antirrhinum floral organ identity
2024-11-20
In Antirrhinum, floral organ identity genes include DEFICIENS (DEF) (Sommer et al., 1990) and GLOBOSA (GLO) (Trobner et al., 1992) required for petal and stamen identity (B-function), PLENA (P) required for stamen and carpel formation (C-function) (Bradley et al., 1993) and SQUAMOSA (SQUA) which is
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gtpase We report here the case of a patient
2024-11-20
We report here the case of a patient with probable genetic prion disease with a Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-like phenotype associated with a rare PRNP E196K mutation who initially exhibited atypical clinical manifestations principally characterized by behavioral abnormalities. Case report An 80-ye
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Introduction Heterotrimeric G proteins mediate signal transd
2024-11-20
Introduction Heterotrimeric Gαβγ proteins mediate signal transduction through seven-transmembrane domain receptors. In response to neurotransmitters or hormones, activated receptors bind GTP via the Gα subunit leading to the dissociation of Gα from the Gβγ dimer. G proteins regulate the levels of s
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A requirement for active PKA signaling during LTD induction
2024-11-20
A requirement for active PKA signaling during LTD induction was proposed in studies characterizing AKAP150 D36mice (Lu et al., 2008), but linking impaired LTD in D36 mice to PKA signaling deficits was complicated by subsequent work showing substantial increases in the number of dendritic spines and
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br Conclusion br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements
2024-11-20
Conclusion Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction Human salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase (hsALDH) (E.C. 1.2.1.5) is the first line of defence against toxic aldehydes in the oral cavity. HsALDH is primarily a dimeric, class 3 ALDH (ALDH3A1) specific for aromatic and long/medium
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To further clarify the vascular cell types expressing AR sub
2024-11-19
To further clarify the vascular cell types expressing AR subtypes, double immunofluorescence staining for ARs and vascular endothelial pramipexole dihydrochloride or vascular smooth muscles was performed. As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, overlay images show the expression of all ARs subtypes that we exam
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The synthetic adipoR agonists AdipoRon and
2024-11-19
The synthetic adipoR agonists, AdipoRon (1) and 112254 (2), are both detectable in human plasma [18]. However, with increasing knowledge about their metabolism [19], a method for detection from human urine is conceivable and would be preferred given the easier accessibility and greater frequency of
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It has been reported that HT R involves in
2024-11-19
It has been reported that 5-HT2R involves in type 2 diabetes mellitus and 5-HT-induced IR [22,23]. The present study also demonstrated that it is 5-HT2R rather than other 5-HT receptors, including 5-HT1BR and 5-HT7R, in the liver that mediates HFD-induced abnormality of hepatic lipid metabolism, and
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In conclusion we have demonstrated that diaryl
2024-11-19
In conclusion, we have demonstrated that ,-diaryl-1-pyrazolo[3,4-]pyrimidine-3,6-diamines represent a novel class of ACK1 inhibitors. The presence of a polar substituent at C-4 of the N-6 aryl ring was shown to be unnecessary for maintaining high levels of inhibitory activity. Furthermore, selectivi
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br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers
2024-11-19
Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was al
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