• The resolution cocrystal structure of ACL in

  2024-12-13

  

  The 2.10Å resolution cocrystal structure of ACL in complex with citrate indicates that the carboxyl (COH) groups of citrate forms a network of H-bonds with hydrophilic residues surrounding the ACL citrate binding domain (CBD) (A). The - carboxyl group forms a salt bridge with the guanidine moiety of

• For the TSH receptor signaling at the Golgi

  2024-12-13

  

  For the TSH receptor, signaling at the Golgi/trans-Golgi network appears required for both rapid effects of TSH − such as cyp3a inhibitors depolymerization, which is implicated in thyroglobulin reuptake and, thus, thyroid hormone release − and late ones, such as those on gene transcription. Continu

• There is little question that

  2024-12-13

  

  There is little question that as we become more proficient in the diagnosis of arginase 1 deficiency individuals with intermediary elevations in arginine on newborn screening and partial defects in enzymatic activity will be found. There are no reliable data to determine a safe level of arginine and

• br Acknowledgement br Introduction Estrogens play an importa

  2024-12-13

  

  Acknowledgement Introduction Estrogens play an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer (McGuire et al., 1976; Clemons and Goss, 2001). 17β-Estradiol (E2), the most biologically active estrogen in breast tissue, functions via its nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor (

• Although our sample size is not enough to

  2024-12-13

  

  Although our sample size is not enough to conclude that there is no great genetic variation of the AR gene in most New World monkeys, it would be reasonable to state that the microsatellite region in the exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene of New World monkeys (platyrrhine) is relatively shorter th

• Our conclusion was confirmed by two

  2024-12-12

  

  Our conclusion was confirmed by two experiments. The addition of aminopeptidase-specific inhibitors at high concentrations allowed us to exclude the possibility of substrate hydrolysis by other proteases present in the samples, for example, endoproteases. After the application of inhibitors, we were

• Moreover our results indicate that ADP

  2024-12-12

  

  Moreover, our results indicate that ADP is by far a better phosphate donor than AMP (Table 2). Yet, the bindings of AMP and ATP are mutually exclusive, whereas the bindings of ADP and ATP are additive (Fig. 7). The multiplicity of the phosphate donors in the TgAK reaction (Tables 1 & 2), suggests th

• br In patients with spina

  2024-12-12

  

  In patients with spina bifida and spinal cord injury, fecal incontinence is a serious issue that can impair activities of daily living and patient self-esteem. To address this Malone et al. first described the Antegrade Continence Enema (ACE) procedure in 1990 [1], which achieves continence by all

• PRIMA-1 br Introduction The process of mitosis is highly com

  2024-12-12

  

  Introduction The process of mitosis is highly complex and tightly regulated. This phase of the PRIMA-1 resulted in two identical daughter cells. The aurora kinases (aurora A, B, and C) are a family of three highly homologous serine-threonine protein kinases that play a key role in regulating the

• Fig summarizes the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic

  2024-12-12

  

  Fig. 1 summarizes the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic 5 03 by lipoxygenases cyclooxygenases and cytochrome P450. Lipoxygenases in humans are expressed in a tissue-specific fashion: 5-LOX is mainly expressed in leukocytes, 12-LOX in platelets, and 15-LOX-1 in reticulocytes, eosinophils, and macr

• Furthermore low affinity sites that share no

  2024-12-11

  

  Furthermore, low-affinity sites that share no structural homology with the aforementioned sites have been described in the transmembrane domain. It has been discovered that, in α1βγ2 receptors, potentiation of GABA-activated currents by high concentrations of diazepam is biphasic, with a high- and a

• br Conclusions A large body

  2024-12-11

  

  Conclusions A large body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Hence, reducing oxidative stress or suppressing its downstream pathways may be beneficial for the treatment of these diseases, especially such chronic diseases as AD or glaucoma. Here we

• Recently competitive inhibitors of arginase

  2024-12-11

  

  Recently, competitive inhibitors of arginase have been developed which have greater specificity for the enzyme. Initial development of these compounds involved determination of the crystal structure of arginase. Christianson and colleagues found that a binuclear manganese cluster was required for ca

• Researchers demonstrated that mitochondria are

  2024-12-11

  

  Researchers demonstrated that mitochondria are the main producers of ROS and are the most sensitive to the effects of ROS. Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis may not be limited to the role of cytochrome c in the activation of caspase-3 and ROS may provide an alternate mitochondrial signaling pathway (H

• Apelin APJ triggers a variety

  2024-12-11

  

  Apelin/APJ triggers a variety of cellular signaling pathways (Fig. 1). Recent studies from our laboratory showed that apelin-13 induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by the upregulation of Cyclin D1 expression, which is involved in an ERK-dependent activation of Jagged-1/Notch3 si

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