• These experiments make it clear that one

  2022-11-03

  

  These experiments make it clear that one can study the effect of antimalaria drugs that target the DHFR enzyme of P. falciparum by transferring the malaria enzyme into S. cerevisiae. The ease of growth and manipulation of the yeast make it easy to measure the sensitivity of any particular dhfr allel

• Although the gene that encodes DHFR has been strongly

  2022-11-03

  

  Although the gene that encodes DHFR has been strongly conserved during evolution, subtle differences in the active sites of bacterial, human and parasite Urolithin A have been exploited to develop DHFR inhibitors specific to particular pathogens 1, 3. For example, pyrimethamine and cycloguanil bind

• br Future view and implications The selection and spread

  2022-11-03

  

  Future view and implications The selection and spread of multi(drug)-resistant microorganisms over the last decades has become a major and global public health concern [35]. Two growing threats originating from the fungal kingdom, i.e. Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida auris[36], [37], re-emphasi

• Since at least prospective cohort studies have been conducte

  2022-11-03

  

  Since 2005, at least 14 prospective cohort studies have been conducted to clarify inconsistencies in the field, ten of which suggested a direct correlation between antibiotic use and atopy or wheezing later in life [51–60], three found no association [61–63], and one found positive association only

• br Nanoparticle Conjugated Topoisomerase Inhibitors The safe

  2022-11-03

  

  Nanoparticle-Conjugated Topoisomerase Inhibitors The safety and efficacy of topotecan administered as LDM or MTD have been evaluated in several preclinical studies and a few clinical trials whose results showed that there can be significant adverse effects likely precluding its use in patients [5

• Use of RASB is associated

  2022-11-03

  

  Use of RASB is associated with potential concerns about side effects such as acute kidney injury or hyperkalemia, and clinicians are reluctant to prescribe RASB in patients with severe renal dysfunction (estimated GFR Conclusions Conflict of interest Acknowledgement Introduction Renin-an

• AR Vs are truncated AR proteins

  2022-11-03

  

  AR-Vs are truncated AR proteins lacking the AR ligand-binding domain (AR-LBD) [6]. While AR-Vs have frequently been detected in CRPC, their expression and functional role in benign prostate tissues and primary prostate cancers is not readily apparent. Structural rearrangements in the AR gene and alt

• Compelling evidence now indicates that DR

  2022-11-03

  

  Compelling evidence now indicates that DR is a multifactorial disease that involves chronic inflammation at every stage, from initiation to progression and eventually to ischemia and NV [6,7]. Data from animal studies suggest that leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and entrapment (leukostasis) are

• While high fat diet models of insulin

  2022-11-03

  

  While high-fat diet models of insulin resistance are acceptable approaches for the study of pre-diabetes in humans, they are not suitable for modeling progression towards established type2 diabetes. The pattern of activation of the lipoxygenase pathway in pre-clinical models of type2 diabetes has no

• br Pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease Alzheimer disease

  2022-11-03

  

  Pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease Alzheimer disease is characterized by severe neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and progressive loss of cognitive abilities. The diagnostic criteria for dementia released by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association define dementia as the deve

• The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF in

  2022-11-03

  

  The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF21 in glucose metabolism, however, remains unclear. Circulating FGF21 levels in obese and diabetic rodents, and in patients with type 2 diabetes are significantly higher than those in controls without diabetes [4], [5], [6]. On the other hand,

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Within the classical

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  Acknowledgments Introduction Within the classical secretory pathway, transmembrane and soluble cargos travel via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus en route to their final destinations [1]. However, at a post-Golgi level, trafficking routes can diverge. In this context, the tra

• br Introduction In myasthenia gravis MG autoantibodies

  2022-11-03

  

  Introduction In myasthenia gravis (MG), autoantibodies against the native AChR conformation cause loss of AChR at the neuromuscular junction and fatigable muscle weakness (Newsom-Davis et al., 1993). The AChR is a pentameric transmembrane protein, with two splice forms of the α-subunit, P3A− and

• In the present study the alternative splicing of several nAC

  2022-11-03

  

  In the present study, the alternative splicing of several nAChR subunits was identified in the oriental migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen), a serious worldwide pest to agricultural production and also a model insect species [5]. Several α subunits were tried to co-express with ra

• The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs

  2022-11-03

  

  The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the central nervous system is also exemplified by early observations that nicotine caused no detectable effect when applied on a brain slice and it is only with the focal and high time resolution of more recent experiments that the effects of nicotinic neur

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